Sorbitan isostearate is the monoester of isostearic acid and hexitol anhydrides, derived from sorbitol. It acts as an emulsifier in cosmetics and thus ensures the stabilization of emulsions. Sorbitan isostearate is often used in baby products(1).

Sorbitan laurate is the ester product of sorbitan and lauric acid and serves as an emulsifier. It is considered safe in cosmetic products(1).

Squalane is the stable, saturated form of squalene, a natural component of human sebum that is also found in plants such as olives. The raw material is a clear, colorless and odorless oil. It is characterized by its high stability. Squalane has a moisturizing effect by strengthening the skin barrier and reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Thanks to its skin-like structure, it is easily absorbed by the skin without leaving a greasy residue. It also supports skin regeneration.(1-3)

Stearic acid, also known as octadecanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid that acts as a mild cleansing agent. Stearic acid minimizes lipid damage in the skin barrier and can replenish fatty acids in the stratum corneum.(1) This makes it a mild and moisturizing cleanser for the skin.(2)

Sucrose Cocoate is a mild, moisturizing surfactant and is composed of fatty acid esters from coconut oil and sucrose esters. It is recommended for use in cosmetic products and was classified as safe in a safety assessment for cosmetic ingredients(1).

Sucrose stearate (sucrose ester) is used as an emulsifier and skin care agent.(1) It is an ester of sucrose and fatty acids with various hydrophilic-lipophilic properties. Due to its gel-forming properties, it is used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.(2-3)

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme used in skin care to combat oxidative stress, reduce premature skin aging, and protect against environmental damage (including UV radiation). It plays a crucial role in protecting cells from oxidative stress by catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2-) into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. SOD is a cell protection mechanism, as it protects cells from DNA, protein, and lipid damage. (1-2)

Together with glycine soy protein and hydrolyzed rice protein, superoxide dismutase was shown in an in vivo study to improve skin texture and, in an in vitro study, to improve capillary blood flow and stimulate fibroblast proliferation.(3)

Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate is an ingredient used in cosmetic formulations as a stabilizer and complexing agent. It binds metal ions that could otherwise impair the stability and quality of a product(1).