Hydroxypropyl starch phosphate is a modified starch ester produced by reacting starch with hydroxypropyl and phosphate groups. This modification improves the physical and chemical properties of the starch. In skin care, this ingredient acts as a thickener, stabilizer, swelling agent, and viscosity regulator. It gives products a smooth, even consistency and improves spreadability on the skin. Hydroxypropyl starch phosphate also reduces the sticky or greasy feel of formulations and helps to bind moisture, keeping the skin hydrated. This ingredient is mild and well tolerated, ideal for various skin types, including sensitive skin. (1-2)

Inulin is a polysaccharide and belongs to the prebiotics. Prebiotics serve as a food source for beneficial bacteria that occur naturally on the skin and play an important role in maintaining a balanced skin microbiome.(1-3) As a prebiotic, inulin therefore has the potential to contribute to a healthy skin barrier. (4-5) In combination with alpha-glucan oligosaccharides, inulin can alleviate skin symptoms such as dryness and itching. (6)

Isomalt is a plant-based sugar substitute composed of two sugar alcohols. In cosmetics, it is primarily used as a humectant (technical ingredient) because it helps bind moisture within the product. (1)

Kaolin is a fine-grained white clay consisting mainly of kaolinite. It is a widely occurring clay mineral found in sedimentary rocks, also known as claystones. The fine, soft powder is characterized by its excellent absorbency. (1-3)

Kaolin is a versatile ingredient in cosmetic products and is often used in face masks, cleansing products, and makeup because it absorbs excess sebum and impurities without drying out the skin. Kaolin is particularly suitable for oily skin as it has a mattifying effect and soothes at the same time. In cosmetics, kaolin is also used as a stabilizer to improve the consistency and stability of formulations. (4-5)

Other areas of application include its functions as an absorbent, swelling agent, opacifier, and powder base material. Kaolin can also be used as a white colorant (C.I. 77004) and as an abrasive component in cleaning products.

Kefiran is a vegan, skin-nourishing active ingredient obtained through the fermentation of the bacterial strain Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens in a plant-based culture medium and is present as a component of a ferment lysate. (1)

In skincare, kefiran is considered a versatile active ingredient: it helps the skin defend against free radicals, counteracts oxidative stress, and can reduce redness. It also helps strengthen the skin barrier and promotes skin elasticity and firmness. This makes kefiran particularly suitable for skincare products designed to protect, regenerate, and soothe the skin. (1,2)

Lactic acid acts as a natural moisturizing factor or as an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), which gently exfoliates and moisturizes the skin, depending on the concentration used. Lactic acid also stimulates ceramide biosynthesis and improves the skin's barrier function. By stimulating ceramide synthesis, the ceramide content in the skin is increased, which strengthens the skin barrier and improves the structural integrity of the skin. (1-4)

Lactobacillus Ferment is a biotechnologically obtained active ingredient (postbiotic) from the fermentation process of Lactobacillus crispatus. It contributes to more elastic skin, reduces the appearance of crow's feet (lateral eye wrinkles) and ensures an even complexion.(1) Studies report a reduction in fine lines and an improvement in skin elasticity.(2)

Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate is obtained by optimized fermentation of Lactobacillus pentosus. Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate improves the function of the skin barrier by increasing the formation of tight junction proteins, which contribute to the stabilization of cell assemblies in the skin.(1) In the manufacturer's studies, Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate was found to inhibit the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Overall, these results show that Lactobacillus Ferment Lysate has anti-inflammatory properties that can strengthen the skin's barrier function, limit transepidermal water loss, increase skin hydration and help restore the skin after external aggressions(2).